Women’s Health in Diving
WP_Query Object
(
[query] => Array
(
[post_type] => Array
(
[0] => documents
)
[posts_per_page] => 12
[paged] => 6
[orderby] => date
[order] => DESC
[tax_query] =>
)
[query_vars] => Array
(
[post_type] => Array
(
[0] => documents
)
[posts_per_page] => 12
[paged] => 6
[orderby] => date
[order] => DESC
[tax_query] =>
[error] =>
[m] =>
[p] => 0
[post_parent] =>
[subpost] =>
[subpost_id] =>
[attachment] =>
[attachment_id] => 0
[name] =>
[pagename] =>
[page_id] => 0
[second] =>
[minute] =>
[hour] =>
[day] => 0
[monthnum] => 0
[year] => 0
[w] => 0
[category_name] =>
[tag] =>
[cat] =>
[tag_id] =>
[author] =>
[author_name] =>
[feed] =>
[tb] =>
[meta_key] =>
[meta_value] =>
[preview] =>
[s] =>
[sentence] =>
[title] =>
[fields] => all
[menu_order] =>
[embed] =>
[category__in] => Array
(
)
[category__not_in] => Array
(
)
[category__and] => Array
(
)
[post__in] => Array
(
)
[post__not_in] => Array
(
)
[post_name__in] => Array
(
)
[tag__in] => Array
(
)
[tag__not_in] => Array
(
)
[tag__and] => Array
(
)
[tag_slug__in] => Array
(
)
[tag_slug__and] => Array
(
)
[post_parent__in] => Array
(
)
[post_parent__not_in] => Array
(
)
[author__in] => Array
(
)
[author__not_in] => Array
(
)
[search_columns] => Array
(
)
[ignore_sticky_posts] =>
[suppress_filters] =>
[cache_results] => 1
[update_post_term_cache] => 1
[update_menu_item_cache] =>
[lazy_load_term_meta] => 1
[update_post_meta_cache] => 1
[nopaging] =>
[comments_per_page] => 50
[no_found_rows] =>
)
[tax_query] => WP_Tax_Query Object
(
[queries] => Array
(
)
[relation] => AND
[table_aliases:protected] => Array
(
)
[queried_terms] => Array
(
)
[primary_table] => wp_posts
[primary_id_column] => ID
)
[meta_query] => WP_Meta_Query Object
(
[queries] => Array
(
)
[relation] =>
[meta_table] =>
[meta_id_column] =>
[primary_table] =>
[primary_id_column] =>
[table_aliases:protected] => Array
(
)
[clauses:protected] => Array
(
)
[has_or_relation:protected] =>
)
[date_query] =>
[request] => SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.ID
FROM wp_posts
WHERE 1=1 AND ((wp_posts.post_type = 'documents' AND (wp_posts.post_status = 'publish' OR wp_posts.post_status = 'acf-disabled')))
ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC
LIMIT 60, 12
[posts] => Array
(
[0] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9556
[post_author] => 9
[post_date] => 2005-04-03 12:56:46
[post_date_gmt] => 2005-04-03 11:56:46
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2005 UK divers with Asthma
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2005-uk-divers-with-asthma
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-03 12:59:11
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-03 11:59:11
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/?post_type=documents&p=9556
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[1] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9246
[post_author] => 6
[post_date] => 2005-03-16 16:04:09
[post_date_gmt] => 2005-03-16 16:04:09
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2005 Scuba diving with Diabetes Mellitus – the UK experience 1991-2001
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2005-edge-diabetes-uhm-2005
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 11:55:14
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 10:55:14
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/documents/2005-edge-diabetes-uhm-2005/
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[2] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9245
[post_author] => 6
[post_date] => 2005-03-16 16:04:09
[post_date_gmt] => 2005-03-16 16:04:09
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2005 Oxidative metabolism in platelets, platelet aggregation, and hematology in patients undergoing HBOT exposures
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2005-handy-uhm-journal-2005
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 15:09:58
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 14:09:58
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/documents/2005-handy-uhm-journal-2005/
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[3] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9244
[post_author] => 6
[post_date] => 2005-03-16 16:04:09
[post_date_gmt] => 2005-03-16 16:04:09
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2005 Filtration, pulse and permeability. An update on Pulse Reverse Osmosis
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2005-prior-filtration-2005
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 11:56:21
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 10:56:21
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/documents/2005-prior-filtration-2005/
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[4] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9243
[post_author] => 6
[post_date] => 2005-03-16 16:04:09
[post_date_gmt] => 2005-03-16 16:04:09
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2005 A single exposure to HBO in isolated platelets: no effect on superoxide dismutase, catalasoxidae, or cellular ATP
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2005-shaw-et-al-2005
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 15:14:04
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 14:14:04
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/documents/2005-shaw-et-al-2005/
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[5] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9432
[post_author] => 9
[post_date] => 2004-07-04 16:20:59
[post_date_gmt] => 2004-07-04 15:20:59
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2004 A prospective study of reverse dive profiles in UK female recreational divers
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2004-stlegermstld-rdp-females
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 12:02:38
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 11:02:38
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/?post_type=documents&p=9432
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[6] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9226
[post_author] => 6
[post_date] => 2004-03-16 16:04:08
[post_date_gmt] => 2004-03-16 16:04:08
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2004 Facial baroparesis secondary to middle-ear over-pressure; a rare complication of scuba diving
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2004-hyams-facialbaroparesis-j-lar-otol-2004
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 12:01:19
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 11:01:19
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/documents/2004-hyams-facialbaroparesis-j-lar-otol-2004/
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[7] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9227
[post_author] => 6
[post_date] => 2003-03-16 16:04:08
[post_date_gmt] => 2003-03-16 16:04:08
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2003 Decompression sickness in women: a possible relationship; with the menstrual cycle
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2003-lee-dcs-menst-cycle-asem-2003
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 12:03:56
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 11:03:56
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/documents/2003-lee-dcs-menst-cycle-asem-2003/
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[8] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9433
[post_author] => 9
[post_date] => 2002-07-04 16:21:47
[post_date_gmt] => 2002-07-04 15:21:47
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2002 Comparative data from 2250 male and female sports divers: diving patterns and DCS
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2002-stleger-2250-male-and-female-dci-asem
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 12:05:13
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 11:05:13
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/?post_type=documents&p=9433
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[9] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9229
[post_author] => 6
[post_date] => 2001-03-16 16:04:09
[post_date_gmt] => 2001-03-16 16:04:09
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2001 Hyperbaric medicine in soft tissue trauma
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2001-cosgrove-h-bryson-p-hyperbaric-medicine-in-soft-tissue-trauma-trauma
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 12:05:58
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 11:05:58
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/documents/2001-cosgrove-h-bryson-p-hyperbaric-medicine-in-soft-tissue-trauma-trauma/
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[10] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9228
[post_author] => 6
[post_date] => 2001-03-16 16:04:09
[post_date_gmt] => 2001-03-16 16:04:09
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2001 Relationship between right-to-left shunts and cutaneous decompression illness
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2001-wilmshurst-cutaneous-dci-clin-sci-2001
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 12:06:37
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 11:06:37
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/documents/2001-wilmshurst-cutaneous-dci-clin-sci-2001/
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[11] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9230
[post_author] => 6
[post_date] => 2000-03-16 16:04:09
[post_date_gmt] => 2000-03-16 16:04:09
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2000 Relationship between the clinical features of neurological decompression illness and its causes
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2000-wilmshurst-clinical-features-neuro-dci-clin-sci-2000
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-04 12:07:13
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-04 11:07:13
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/documents/2000-wilmshurst-clinical-features-neuro-dci-clin-sci-2000/
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
)
[post_count] => 12
[current_post] => -1
[before_loop] => 1
[in_the_loop] =>
[post] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 9556
[post_author] => 9
[post_date] => 2005-04-03 12:56:46
[post_date_gmt] => 2005-04-03 11:56:46
[post_content] =>
[post_title] => 2005 UK divers with Asthma
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => 2005-uk-divers-with-asthma
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2024-04-03 12:59:11
[post_modified_gmt] => 2024-04-03 11:59:11
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://www.ddrc.org/?post_type=documents&p=9556
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => documents
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[comment_count] => 0
[current_comment] => -1
[found_posts] => 78
[max_num_pages] => 7
[max_num_comment_pages] => 0
[is_single] =>
[is_preview] =>
[is_page] =>
[is_archive] =>
[is_date] =>
[is_year] =>
[is_month] =>
[is_day] =>
[is_time] =>
[is_author] =>
[is_category] =>
[is_tag] =>
[is_tax] =>
[is_search] =>
[is_feed] =>
[is_comment_feed] =>
[is_trackback] =>
[is_home] => 1
[is_privacy_policy] =>
[is_404] =>
[is_embed] =>
[is_paged] => 1
[is_admin] =>
[is_attachment] =>
[is_singular] =>
[is_robots] =>
[is_favicon] =>
[is_posts_page] =>
[is_post_type_archive] =>
[query_vars_hash:WP_Query:private] => 9e82f4a0267d7dc55ba940b2e5ad20cf
[query_vars_changed:WP_Query:private] =>
[thumbnails_cached] =>
[allow_query_attachment_by_filename:protected] =>
[stopwords:WP_Query:private] =>
[compat_fields:WP_Query:private] => Array
(
[0] => query_vars_hash
[1] => query_vars_changed
)
[compat_methods:WP_Query:private] => Array
(
[0] => init_query_flags
[1] => parse_tax_query
)
[query_cache_key:WP_Query:private] => wp_query:94859f1b9d024f543d59ba18a1cb625c:0.88108300 1772237693
)
Women’s Health in Diving
Diving affects the body in complex ways, and women may experience certain physiological factors that are unique to them. From menstruation and menopause to pregnancy and hormonal changes, understanding how these can interact with diving is important for safety, comfort and confidence in the water.
Below you’ll find a selection of published research exploring aspects of women’s health and physiology in diving.
Women and Scuba Diving
J.E. Cresswell & M. St Leger-Dowse (1991)
As scuba diving grows in popularity, more women are taking to the water — and with that comes a need to better understand how diving interacts with female physiology. This paper reviews evidence on menstruation, pregnancy and hormonal changes, and explores whether these may influence decompression sickness or other diving-related risks.
Comparative Data from 2250 Male and Female Sports Divers: Diving Patterns and DCS
M. St Leger-Dowse et al. (2002)
This study analysed data from 2,250 sports divers to compare diving habits and decompression sickness risk between men and women. When experience was taken into account, men were found to have a 2.6 times higher incidence of DCS than women.
Decompression Sickness in Women: A Possible Relationship with the Menstrual Cycle
Vivienne Lee et al. (2003)
This paper investigates a potential link between menstrual cycle phases and the risk of decompression sickness in female divers, providing insights into hormonal influences on dive safety.
A Prospective Study of Reverse Dive Profiles in UK Female Recreational Divers
M. St Leger-Dowse et al. (2004)
A study examining reverse dive profiles (dives where ascent follows a non-standard profile) among female recreational divers, assessing implications for decompression risk and safety practices.
Problems Associated with Scuba Diving Are Not Evenly Distributed Across a Menstrual Cycle
M. St Leger-Dowse et al. (2006)
This paper examines the distribution of diving-related problems across the menstrual cycle, highlighting times when female divers may be more susceptible to decompression illness or related symptoms.
Scuba Diving and Pregnancy: Can We Determine Safe Limits?
M. St Leger-Dowse et al. (2006)
This article reviews available research to explore potential risks of diving during pregnancy, summarising current evidence and recommendations for safe practice.
A Relationship Between the Menstrual Cycle and Decompression Illness: Is the Evidence Building?
M. St Leger-Dowse et al. (2006)
This paper reviews emerging evidence on how different phases of the menstrual cycle may affect the risk of decompression illness, highlighting areas for further research.
The Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill and the Assumed 28-Day Cycle
M. St Leger-Dowse et al. (2007)
This study examines the potential implications of the combined oral contraceptive pill on the assumed 28-day menstrual cycle and explores its relevance for female divers in relation to decompression risk.
Diving, Menstruation and Reproductive Health
Presentation
This presentation, compiled by the DDRC Healthcare Research Team, explores key questions around women’s health and diving. It looks at decompression illness (DCI) risk differences between men and women, the effect of the menstrual cycle on DCI, and the implications of diving during pregnancy. The presentation draws on several decades of research and includes data, discussion, and literature for further reading.
Compiled by the DDRC Healthcare Research Team, updated 2024.
Filter Research
61–72 of 78 results
Sort by:
2005 Oxidative metabolism in platelets, platelet aggregation, and hematology in patients undergoing HBOT exposures
Biomedical|2005
2005 A single exposure to HBO in isolated platelets: no effect on superoxide dismutase, catalasoxidae, or cellular ATP
Biomedical|2005
2004 Facial baroparesis secondary to middle-ear over-pressure; a rare complication of scuba diving
Clinical|2004
2003 Decompression sickness in women: a possible relationship; with the menstrual cycle
Clinical|2003